Murder Rate By Country

Murder rates vary around the world.
Murder rates vary around the world.

Accessing homicide rates and the factors behind them is always a tricky business. Although poverty is often said to be to blame, even in developed countries, like the US and England, crime can be rampant. Some of the reasons for violent crime, including homicide, according to the World Bank, include economic stagnation and income inequality. 

When it comes to lowering crime rates, this is also a difficult task. Some possible suggestions for this include monitoring government corruption to ensure stability and maintaining an effective justice system, complete with efficient investigations and fair trials. It requires dedication on an international and local level. Here is an overview of the world's countries with the highest murder rates, as well as the lowest. 

Countries With The Highest Murder Rates

1. El Salvador (61.8 per 100,000)

El Salvador has the highest homicide rate in the world at 61.8 murders per 100,000 individuals. Estimates indicate that approximately 60% of these incidents are related to gang activity. Additionally, El Salvador still experiences instability, much of which is a remnant of a destructive civil war that lasted from 1979 until 1992.

2. Jamaica (57 per 100,000)

Jamaica has the world's second-highest murder rate. Unfortunately, this is a position that Jamaica has held consistently for several years. The latest measurement of 57 homicides per 100,000 was a decrease from 2005 when it was slightly higher at 58 homicides per 100,000. Most of Jamaica's homicides are a result of organized crime activity, and the island remains a popular tourist attraction.

3. Venezuela (56.3 per 100,000)

Venezuela has the third-highest murder rate in the world. The country loses 56.3 people per 100,000 each year to homicide. Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, is known as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. It is considered the third most murderous city in the world. With increasing political turmoil, this number has been increasing.

4. Honduras (41.7 per 100,000) 

Honduras had 41.7 homicides per 100,000 people in 2017. San Pedro Sula, in the northwest of the country, is at the center of much of this small Central American country's violence. 

5. Lesotho (41.2 per 100,000) 

Lesotho is a small country found in southern Africa. Its murder rate is 41.2 homicides per 100,000 people, the fifth-highest in the world. Most crime in Lesotho occurs in the country's urban areas. The capital city of Maseru is particularly dangerous to locals and tourists alike.

Countries With The Lowest Murder Rates

Believe it or not, some countries boast an annual homicide rate of 0. They are Andorra, the Holy See (Vatican City), Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, as well as, some dependent territories. One thing that all of these countries have in common is a very low population. If a homicide were to happen within these countries, it would result in a notably high murder rate, because all of these countries have a population that is considerably under 100,000. 

Countries that do have a significant population of 5 million or more but an extremely low murder rate include:

  • Singapore (Population: 5,638,700 - Murder Rate: 0.2 per 100,000)
  • Japan (Population: 126,150,000 (11th Largest Country) - Murder Rate: 0.2 per 100,000)
  • Switzerland (Population: 8,570,146 - Murder Rate: 0.5 per 100,000)
  • United Arab Emirates (Population: 9,599,353 - Murder Rate: 0.5 per 100,000)
  • South Korea (Population: 51,709,098 (28th Largest Country) - Murder Rate: 0.6 per 100,000)
  • Czech Republic (Population: 10,649,800 - Murder Rate: 0.6 per 100,000)
  • China (Population: 1.4 Billion (Largest Country) - Murder Rate: 0.6 per 100,000)
  • Austra (Population: 8,857,960 - Murder Rate: 0.66 per 100,000)
  • Italy (Population: 60,359,546 (23rd Largest Country) - Murder Rate: 0.67 per 100,000)
  • Spain (Population: 46,733,038 (30th Largest Country) - Murder Rate: 0.70 per 100,000)

Factors Affecting High Murder Rates

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has conducted a study to identify the prominent factors that seem to result in high murder rates. Countries with the widest gaps between rich and poor are four times more likely to experience violent crimes than other countries. These inequitable societies are found most often in developing countries, where high poverty lacking infrastructure is commonplace. Poverty and crime go hand in hand; crime drives away businesses and investors, reducing available human capital and creating an insecure environment, which, in turn, leads to more poverty. Organized crime, like gangs and drug trafficking, also contribute to high murder rates. It is particularly true in countries like Jamaica, Honduras, and El Salvador. Organized crime is also more likely to be participated in by young males who, consequently, are also more likely to be a victim of murder. Drug and alcohol use is also related to high murder and poverty rates. Intoxication increases the risk of being involved (either as the guilty party or the victim) in a murder.

Countries that are experiencing political turmoil and violent conflict are also more likely to experience high murder rates, as is the case with El Salvador, which is still recovering from its civil war.

Preventive Measures To Be Taken

To reduce these climbing murder rates, governments must focus on preventive measures. Given its connection to poverty and social issues, preventive crime policies need to focus on more than just punishments. Without including economic and social development strategies in local policy, violent crimes are likely to continue. Additionally, these policies must target the most at-risk populations. As this article has discussed, murder rates are highest among young males and in urban areas. Successful initiatives would focus on urban-living youth and involve other community members to break the vicious cycle of poverty and violence.

Many scholars also point to the availability of firearms as a significant contributing factor to homicide rates, saying that restricting gun access would help reduce murders. The majority of murders throughout the Americas are committed with guns. However, this point is heavily disputed. Gun restriction proponents point to the case in Brazil, where gun access was restricted, and the murder rate dropped. Proponents for gun ownership point to the situation in Venezuela, where gun access was denied, guns were taken away, and the murder rate increased.

In countries recovering from internal conflict and political instability, it is essential to reduce violence in general. It involves restoring law and order and stabilizing the country. The conflict must be fully addressed by the government and resolved to avoid any lingering effects.

Below is a list of murder rates by country. The figures are the latest ones available from the UNODC for each specific country. 

Murder Rates By Country 2020

RankCountry (or dependent territory)Rate (Homicides per 100,000)
1 El Salvador61.8
2 Jamaica57
3 Venezuela56.33
4 US Virgin Islands49.26
5 Honduras41.7
6 Lesotho41.25
7 Belize37.9
8 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines36.46
9 South Africa35.9
10 Saint Kitts and Nevis34.23
11 Bahamas30.9
12 Trinidad and Tobago30.88
13 Brazil30.5
14 Saint Lucia29.6
15 Anguilla27.66
16 Guatemala26.1
17 Dominica25.7
18 Colombia24.9
19 Mexico24.8
20 Montserrat19.88
21 Central African Republic19.76
22 Curaçao19.19
23 Tuvalu18.65
24 Puerto Rico18.5
25 Namibia17.14
26 Saint Pierre and Miquelon15.93
27 Botswana15.04
28 Guyana14.8
29 South Sudan13.9
30 DR Congo13.55
31 French Guiana13.15
32 Seychelles12.74
33 Costa Rica12.3
34 Côte d'Ivoire11.63
35 Cape Verde11.49
36 Dominican Republic11.3
37 Grenada11.1
38 Uganda11
39 Mali10.9
40 Barbados10.5
41 Antigua and Barbuda10.33
42 Central Iraq10.08
43 Haiti10.04
44 Mauritania9.94
45 Nigeria9.85
46 Iraq9.85
47 Panama9.7
48 Eswatini9.5
49 Congo9.32
50 Paraguay9.29
51 Russia9.2
52 Gambia9.13
53 Chad9.04
54 Togo9
55 Guinea8.82
56 Cayman Islands8.45
57 Philippines8.4
58 British Virgin Islands8.37
59 Bermuda8.2
60 Uruguay8.2
61 Eritrea8.04
62 Gabon8.04
63 Guadeloupe8.01
64 Papua New Guinea7.85
65 Comoros7.7
66 Peru7.7
67 Madagascar7.69
68 Ethiopia7.56
69 Kiribati7.5
70 Senegal7.38
71 Nicaragua7.37
72 Afghanistan7.1
73 Laos7.01
74 Tanzania6.95
75 Zimbabwe6.67
76 Yemen6.66
77 Djibouti6.48
78 Bolivia6.3
79 Mongolia6.2
80 Ukraine6.2
81 Burundi6.02
82 Mayotte5.93
83 Turks and Caicos Islands5.93
84 Ecuador5.8
85 Suriname5.5
86 American Samoa5.4
87 Greenland5.31
88 Zambia5.3
89 United States5.3
90 Sudan5.16
91 Argentina5.1
92 Kenya5
93 Kazakhstan5
94 Cuba4.99
95 Angola4.85
96 Micronesia4.67
97 Lithuania4.5
98 Niger4.44
99 North Korea4.4
100 Somalia4.31
101 Turkey4.31
102 Chile4.3
103 Turkmenistan4.22
104 Kyrgyzstan4.2
105 Pakistan4.2
106 Latvia4.2
107 Lebanon3.99
108 Timor-Leste3.95
109 Solomon Islands3.77
110 Belarus3.58
111 Cook Islands3.49
112 Mozambique3.4
113 São Tomé and Príncipe3.36
114 Thailand3.24
115 Liberia3.23
116 New Caledonia3.23
117 India3.22
118 Moldova3.19
119 Samoa3.15
120 Palau3.11
121 Tunisia3.05
122 Gibraltar3.01
123 Martinique2.78
124 Rwanda2.52
125 Egypt2.51
126 Guam2.51
127 Libya2.5
128 Hungary2.5
129 Iran2.47
130 Armenia2.4
131 Montenegro2.4
132 Equatorial Guinea2.31
133 Sri Lanka2.3
134 Albania2.3
135 Myanmar2.27
136 Fiji2.26
137 Bangladesh2.2
138 Kurdistan Region (Iraq)2.2
139 Syria2.2
140 Estonia2.2
141 Nepal2.16
142 Vanuatu2.13
143 Malaysia2.11
144 Morocco2.1
145 Ghana2.1
146 Azerbaijan2
147 Aruba1.93
148 Cambodia1.84
149 Mauritius1.82
150 Réunion1.82
151 Canada1.8
152 Kuwait1.8
153 Malawi1.73
154 Sierra Leone1.71
155 Belgium1.7
156 Tajikistan1.61
157 Bhutan1.6
158 Kosovo1.6
159 Vietnam1.52
160 Bulgaria1.5
161 Romania1.5
162 Slovakia1.5
163 North Macedonia1.5
164 Cameroon1.4
165 Jordan1.4
166 Algeria1.36
167 Israel1.36
168 Burkina Faso1.3
169 Saudi Arabia1.3
170 Northern Ireland1.3
171 France1.3
172 Denmark1.2
173 Finland1.2
174 England and Wales1.2
175 United Kingdom1.2
176 Bosnia and Herzegovina1.2
177 Benin1.1
178 Guinea-Bissau1.1
179 Uzbekistan1.1
180 Sweden1.1
181 Scotland1.1
182 Croatia1.1
183 Serbia1.1
184 Germany1
185 Georgia0.99
186 Tonga0.95
187 Malta0.94
188 Iceland0.9
189 Ireland0.9
190 Slovenia0.9
191 Taiwan0.82
192 Poland0.8
193 Netherlands0.8
194 Australia0.8
195 Maldives0.75
196 Greece0.7
197 Portugal0.7
198 Spain0.7
199 New Zealand0.7
200 Palestine0.69
201 Italy0.67
202 Austria0.66
203 China0.6
204 South Korea0.6
205 Cyprus0.6
206 Czech Republic0.6
207 Bahrain0.52
208 Oman0.5
209 United Arab Emirates0.5
210 Norway0.5
211 Switzerland0.5
212 Brunei0.49
213 Indonesia0.4
214 Qatar0.38
215 French Polynesia0.38
216 Hong Kong0.3
217 Macau0.3
218 Luxembourg0.3
219 Japan0.2
220 Singapore0.2
221 Saint Helena0
222 Channel Islands0
223 Isle of Man0
224 Andorra0
225 Vatican City0
226 San Marino0
227 Liechtenstein0
228 Monaco0
229 Nauru0
230 Niue0
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