A List of Nationalities

Every nationality has its own unique word, or demonym.
Every nationality has its own unique word, or demonym.

A Demonym is an adjective that is used to refer to a person from a particular place or nation. A demonym can also be used to show the origin of something for example, “English Football” refers to football played in England. Demonyms are usually in plural form. However, the “S” can be omitted to make them singular. For example; the singular form of Germans in German. When the demonym has a gender form at the end such as Irishman or Scotswoman; the gender part is replaced to fit the subject. Another demonym end with the adjective ‘ish’ they are considered collective demonyms and represent a group of people with similar characteristics or origins; they include English and Polish. Others have the ending in -ch / -tch such as Czech and French.

In some cases, more than one adjective can be derived from a name; in such a case, there is a subtle use of these words. The presence of more than one adjective in a noun is common in Central Asian states where one adjective relates to the nation while the other relate to the dominant ethnic group. For Example; a person from Uzbekistan is Uzbekistani and is ethnically a Uzbek. In addition, countries have different names used to refer to people from different parts of the country. For example, In Puerto Rico, people residing in the Bayamon town are called “Cowboys” or “Cowgirls.” In the U.S, a person from Arizona is called an Arizonan while a person from Hawaii is called Hawaiian. In Canada, a person from Alberta is called Albertan while a person from Ontario is called Ontarian.

Most Demonyms are derived from the nouns they represent. For example, a British is from Britain, American is from America, African is from Africa, Kenyan is from Kenya, Thai is from Thailand, and a Czech is from the Czech Republic. The same applies to people from different parts of the country, for example, A person from California is called a Californian, while a person from Georgia is Georgian. However some demonyms are not derived from the noun they represent; for example, a person from the State of Indiana is called a Hoosier.

Demonyms can either be official or non-official, there can only be one official and several non-official synonyms. Officially a person from the State of Maine is called a Mainer but is unofficially recognized as a Down-easter, Mainiac, Pine Tree, and in some cases, he is referred to as a Fox.

People from a particular place can have several demonyms. They range from a general demonym and narrow down to specific. For example, a person from North America is called a North American but he can either be Caribbean, American, Canadian, or Mexican. An American can either be Michiganian, Louisianian, New Yorker, or from any of the other forty-seven states

What is a Demonym? A List of Nationalities

CountryDemonym
AfghanistanAfghan
AlbaniaAlbanian
AlgeriaAlgerian
AndorraAndorran
AngolaAngolan
Antigua and BarbudaAntiguan or Barbudan
ArgentinaArgentine
ArmeniaArmenian
AustraliaAustralian
AustriaAustrian
AzerbaijanAzerbaijani, Azeri
The Bahamas Bahamian
BahrainBahraini
BangladeshBengali
BarbadosBarbadian
BelarusBelarusian
BelgiumBelgian
BelizeBelizean
BeninBeninese, Beninois
BhutanBhutanese
BoliviaBolivian
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnian or Herzegovinian
BotswanaMotswana, Botswanan
BrazilBrazilian
BruneiBruneian
BulgariaBulgarian
Burkina FasoBurkinabé
Burma[2]Burmese
BurundiBurundian
Cabo Verde[3]Cabo Verdean
CambodiaCambodian
CameroonCameroonian
CanadaCanadian
Central African RepublicCentral African
ChadChadian
ChileChilean
China, People's Republic of[4]Chinese
ColombiaColombian
ComorosComoran, Comorian
Congo, Democratic Republic of theCongolese
Congo, Republic of theCongolese
Costa RicaCosta Rican
Côte d'Ivoire[5]Ivorian
CroatiaCroatian
CubaCuban
CyprusCypriot
Czech RepublicCzech
DenmarkDanish
DjiboutiDjiboutian
DominicaDominican
Dominican RepublicDominican
East Timor[8]Timorese
EcuadorEcuadorian
EgyptEgyptian
El SalvadorSalvadoran
Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinean, Equatoguinean
EritreaEritrean
EstoniaEstonian
EthiopiaEthiopian
FijiFijian
FinlandFinnish
FranceFrench
GabonGabonese
Gambia, TheGambian
GeorgiaGeorgian
GermanyGerman
GhanaGhanaian
GibraltarGibraltar
GreeceGreek, Hellenic
GrenadaGrenadian
GuatemalaGuatemalan
GuineaGuinean
Guinea-BissauBissau-Guinean
GuyanaGuyanese
HaitiHaitian
HondurasHonduran
HungaryHungarian, Magyar
IcelandIcelandic
IndiaIndian
IndonesiaIndonesian
IranIranian, Persian
IraqIraqi
Ireland[11]Irish
IsraelIsraeli
ItalyItalian
Ivory Coast[12]Ivorian
JamaicaJamaican
JapanJapanese
JordanJordanian
KazakhstanKazakhstani, Kazakh
KenyaKenyan
KiribatiI-Kiribati
North KoreaNorth Korean
South KoreaSouth Korean
KuwaitKuwaiti
KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstani, Kyrgyz, Kirgiz, Kirghiz
LaosLao, Laotian
LatviaLatvian, Lettish
LebanonLebanese
LesothoBasotho
LiberiaLiberian
LibyaLibyan
LiechtensteinLiechtensteiner
LithuaniaLithuanian
LuxembourgLuxembourg, Luxembourgish
Macedonia, Republic ofMacedonian
MadagascarMalagasy
MalawiMalawian
MalaysiaMalaysian
MaldivesMaldivian
MaliMalian, Malinese
MaltaMaltese
Marshall IslandsMarshallese
MartiniqueMartiniquais, Martinican
MauritaniaMauritanian
MauritiusMauritian
MexicoMexican
Micronesia, Federated States ofMicronesian
MoldovaMoldovan
MonacoMonégasque, Monacan
MongoliaMongolian
MontenegroMontenegrin
MoroccoMoroccan
MozambiqueMozambican
NamibiaNamibian
NauruNauruan
NepalNepali, Nepalese
NetherlandsDutch, Netherlandic
New ZealandNew Zealand, NZ, Zelanian
NicaraguaNicaraguan
NigerNigerien
NigeriaNigerian
Northern Mariana IslandsNorthern Marianan
NorwayNorwegian
OmanOmani
PakistanPakistani
PalauPalauan
PalestinePalestinian
PanamaPanamanian
Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinean, Papuan
ParaguayParaguayan
PeruPeruvian
PhilippinesFilipino, Philippine
PolandPolish
PortugalPortuguese
Puerto RicoPuerto Rican
QatarQatari
RomaniaRomanian
Russia[15]Russian
RwandaRwandan
Saint Kitts and NevisKittitian or Nevisian
Saint LuciaSaint Lucian
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincentian, Vincentian
SamoaSamoan
San MarinoSammarinese
São Tomé and PríncipeSão Toméan
Saudi ArabiaSaudi, Saudi Arabian
SenegalSenegalese
SerbiaSerbian
SeychellesSeychellois
Sierra LeoneSierra Leonean
SingaporeSingapore, Singaporean
SlovakiaSlovak
SloveniaSlovenian, Slovene
Solomon IslandsSolomon Island
SomaliaSomali
South AfricaSouth African
South SudanSouth Sudanese
SpainSpanish
Sri LankaSri Lankan
SudanSudanese
SurinameSurinamese
SwazilandSwazi
SwedenSwedish
SwitzerlandSwiss
SyriaSyrian
TajikistanTajikistani
TanzaniaTanzanian
ThailandThai
Timor-Leste[18]Timorese
TogoTogolese
TokelauTokelauan
TongaTongan
Trinidad and TobagoTrinidadian or Tobagonian
TunisiaTunisian
TurkeyTurkish
TurkmenistanTurkmen
TuvaluTuvaluan
UgandaUgandan
UkraineUkrainian
United Arab EmiratesEmirati, Emirian, Emiri
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland UK, British
United States of AmericaUnited States, U.S., American
UruguayUruguayan
UzbekistanUzbekistani, Uzbek
VanuatuNi-Vanuatu, Vanuatuan
Vatican City StateVatican
VenezuelaVenezuelan
VietnamVietnamese
YemenYemeni
ZambiaZambian
ZimbabweZimbabwean
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