Every nationality has its own unique word, or demonym.
A Demonym is an adjective that is used to refer to a person from a particular place or nation. A demonym can also be used to show the origin of something for example, “English Football” refers to football played in England. Demonyms are usually in plural form. However, the “S” can be omitted to make them singular. For example; the singular form of Germans in German. When the demonym has a gender form at the end such as Irishman or Scotswoman; the gender part is replaced to fit the subject. Another demonym end with the adjective ‘ish’ they are considered collective demonyms and represent a group of people with similar characteristics or origins; they include English and Polish. Others have the ending in -ch / -tch such as Czech and French.
In some cases, more than one adjective can be derived from a name; in such a case, there is a subtle use of these words. The presence of more than one adjective in a noun is common in Central Asian states where one adjective relates to the nation while the other relate to the dominant ethnic group. For Example; a person from Uzbekistan is Uzbekistani and is ethnically a Uzbek. In addition, countries have different names used to refer to people from different parts of the country. For example, In Puerto Rico, people residing in the Bayamon town are called “Cowboys” or “Cowgirls.” In the U.S, a person from Arizona is called an Arizonan while a person from Hawaii is called Hawaiian. In Canada, a person from Alberta is called Albertan while a person from Ontario is called Ontarian.
Most Demonyms are derived from the nouns they represent. For example, a British is from Britain, American is from America, African is from Africa, Kenyan is from Kenya, Thai is from Thailand, and a Czech is from the Czech Republic. The same applies to people from different parts of the country, for example, A person from California is called a Californian, while a person from Georgia is Georgian. However some demonyms are not derived from the noun they represent; for example, a person from the State of Indiana is called a Hoosier.
Demonyms can either be official or non-official, there can only be one official and several non-official synonyms. Officially a person from the State of Maine is called a Mainer but is unofficially recognized as a Down-easter, Mainiac, Pine Tree, and in some cases, he is referred to as a Fox.
People from a particular place can have several demonyms. They range from a general demonym and narrow down to specific. For example, a person from North America is called a North American but he can either be Caribbean, American, Canadian, or Mexican. An American can either be Michiganian, Louisianian, New Yorker, or from any of the other forty-seven states
What is a Demonym? A List of Nationalities
Country
Demonym
Afghanistan
Afghan
Albania
Albanian
Algeria
Algerian
Andorra
Andorran
Angola
Angolan
Antigua and Barbuda
Antiguan or Barbudan
Argentina
Argentine
Armenia
Armenian
Australia
Australian
Austria
Austrian
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani, Azeri
The Bahamas
Bahamian
Bahrain
Bahraini
Bangladesh
Bengali
Barbados
Barbadian
Belarus
Belarusian
Belgium
Belgian
Belize
Belizean
Benin
Beninese, Beninois
Bhutan
Bhutanese
Bolivia
Bolivian
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian or Herzegovinian
Botswana
Motswana, Botswanan
Brazil
Brazilian
Brunei
Bruneian
Bulgaria
Bulgarian
Burkina Faso
Burkinabé
Burma[2]
Burmese
Burundi
Burundian
Cabo Verde[3]
Cabo Verdean
Cambodia
Cambodian
Cameroon
Cameroonian
Canada
Canadian
Central African Republic
Central African
Chad
Chadian
Chile
Chilean
China, People's Republic of[4]
Chinese
Colombia
Colombian
Comoros
Comoran, Comorian
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congolese
Congo, Republic of the
Congolese
Costa Rica
Costa Rican
Côte d'Ivoire[5]
Ivorian
Croatia
Croatian
Cuba
Cuban
Cyprus
Cypriot
Czech Republic
Czech
Denmark
Danish
Djibouti
Djiboutian
Dominica
Dominican
Dominican Republic
Dominican
East Timor[8]
Timorese
Ecuador
Ecuadorian
Egypt
Egyptian
El Salvador
Salvadoran
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinean, Equatoguinean
Eritrea
Eritrean
Estonia
Estonian
Ethiopia
Ethiopian
Fiji
Fijian
Finland
Finnish
France
French
Gabon
Gabonese
Gambia, The
Gambian
Georgia
Georgian
Germany
German
Ghana
Ghanaian
Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Greece
Greek, Hellenic
Grenada
Grenadian
Guatemala
Guatemalan
Guinea
Guinean
Guinea-Bissau
Bissau-Guinean
Guyana
Guyanese
Haiti
Haitian
Honduras
Honduran
Hungary
Hungarian, Magyar
Iceland
Icelandic
India
Indian
Indonesia
Indonesian
Iran
Iranian, Persian
Iraq
Iraqi
Ireland[11]
Irish
Israel
Israeli
Italy
Italian
Ivory Coast[12]
Ivorian
Jamaica
Jamaican
Japan
Japanese
Jordan
Jordanian
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstani, Kazakh
Kenya
Kenyan
Kiribati
I-Kiribati
North Korea
North Korean
South Korea
South Korean
Kuwait
Kuwaiti
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstani, Kyrgyz, Kirgiz, Kirghiz
Laos
Lao, Laotian
Latvia
Latvian, Lettish
Lebanon
Lebanese
Lesotho
Basotho
Liberia
Liberian
Libya
Libyan
Liechtenstein
Liechtensteiner
Lithuania
Lithuanian
Luxembourg
Luxembourg, Luxembourgish
Macedonia, Republic of
Macedonian
Madagascar
Malagasy
Malawi
Malawian
Malaysia
Malaysian
Maldives
Maldivian
Mali
Malian, Malinese
Malta
Maltese
Marshall Islands
Marshallese
Martinique
Martiniquais, Martinican
Mauritania
Mauritanian
Mauritius
Mauritian
Mexico
Mexican
Micronesia, Federated States of
Micronesian
Moldova
Moldovan
Monaco
Monégasque, Monacan
Mongolia
Mongolian
Montenegro
Montenegrin
Morocco
Moroccan
Mozambique
Mozambican
Namibia
Namibian
Nauru
Nauruan
Nepal
Nepali, Nepalese
Netherlands
Dutch, Netherlandic
New Zealand
New Zealand, NZ, Zelanian
Nicaragua
Nicaraguan
Niger
Nigerien
Nigeria
Nigerian
Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Marianan
Norway
Norwegian
Oman
Omani
Pakistan
Pakistani
Palau
Palauan
Palestine
Palestinian
Panama
Panamanian
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinean, Papuan
Paraguay
Paraguayan
Peru
Peruvian
Philippines
Filipino, Philippine
Poland
Polish
Portugal
Portuguese
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican
Qatar
Qatari
Romania
Romanian
Russia[15]
Russian
Rwanda
Rwandan
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Kittitian or Nevisian
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucian
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincentian, Vincentian
Samoa
Samoan
San Marino
Sammarinese
São Tomé and Príncipe
São Toméan
Saudi Arabia
Saudi, Saudi Arabian
Senegal
Senegalese
Serbia
Serbian
Seychelles
Seychellois
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leonean
Singapore
Singapore, Singaporean
Slovakia
Slovak
Slovenia
Slovenian, Slovene
Solomon Islands
Solomon Island
Somalia
Somali
South Africa
South African
South Sudan
South Sudanese
Spain
Spanish
Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan
Sudan
Sudanese
Suriname
Surinamese
Swaziland
Swazi
Sweden
Swedish
Switzerland
Swiss
Syria
Syrian
Tajikistan
Tajikistani
Tanzania
Tanzanian
Thailand
Thai
Timor-Leste[18]
Timorese
Togo
Togolese
Tokelau
Tokelauan
Tonga
Tongan
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidadian or Tobagonian
Tunisia
Tunisian
Turkey
Turkish
Turkmenistan
Turkmen
Tuvalu
Tuvaluan
Uganda
Ugandan
Ukraine
Ukrainian
United Arab Emirates
Emirati, Emirian, Emiri
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland