9 Oldest Founded Small Towns to Visit in Illinois
As the 21st state to join the Union in 1818, Illinois has accumulated a colorful history through the years, and that legacy shows prominently in its array of historic small towns. Alton, perched along the Mississippi River, offers a vivid glimpse into the state’s early riverfront heritage. Nauvoo stands out as another memorable destination, where the reconstructed Nauvoo Illinois Temple still anchors the skyline as a striking reminder of the town’s deep 19th-century roots. From the western riverbanks to charming inland communities, Illinois preserves a treasure trail of places rooted in the past.
Alton
One of Alton's claims to fame is the birthplace of the world's tallest man ever to live, Robert Wadlow. However, there is more to this charming Mississippi River community, which traces the town’s beginnings to 1818. Alton houses a lovely mix of historical sites and monuments as evidence of its long-tenured heritage, including the National Great Rivers Museum. This quaint facility focuses on the role of the Mississippi River through history and how it transformed the lives of the communities around it. McPike Mansion is among Alton's most famous landmarks, dating back to 1869. Touting its rustic interior transports guests to the Victorian era, and rumors of hauntings add to the thrill of walking down its erie hallways.
Besides history, visitors can explore the town's art scene at the Jacoby Arts Center, where local artists display different art forms. When exhausted from wandering the streets of downtown Alton, Rock Springs Park provides a nice spot to relax and catch your breath.
Edwardsville
Edwardsville was named for Ninian Edwards, Illinois' governor from 1826 to 1830. The town was first settled in the early 1800s, and its rich history complements a vibrant arts scene. Visitors can explore Edwardsville's past at the Colonel Benjamin Stephenson House, built in 1820, which features a federal-style facade and offers guided tours focused on local history. If you're traveling with children, the Edwardsville Children's Museum is a highlights, offering interactive exhibits that promote enjoyable learning for kids of all ages.
For the artistically inclined, stopping by Wildey Theater lets you catch riveting stage performances by local artists in a restored 1900s opera house. Meanwhile, nature lovers will feel at home exploring the serene and lush environment of the Gardens at SIUE.
Carmi
Founded in 1816, this charming community along the Little Wabash River offers history lovers a fascinating experience. Carmi's rich past is preserved at the White County Historical Society, where visitors can explore numerous archives and artifacts that showcase the region's history and culture. Several historic sites provide authentic insights into Carmi's past, including the Webb-Hay House. Built in 1876, this historic residence has been turned into a bed and breakfast while maintaining its rustic charm.
Beyond the town’s history, Carmi welcomes guests to enjoy quality time in the great outdoors at Carmi Country Club. This lovely golf course accommodates players of all skill levels, with a quiet, lush atmosphere, ideal for laid-back tee time.
Shawneetown
Shawneetown contains several Native American burial mounds from the Shawnee Indian village that existed before United States settlements. Established in 1810, the town grew into a lively center for finance and trade as settlers moved in from the East. Today, visitors can connect with its historical roots at the Shawneetown Bank State Historic Site. This notable Greek Revival building, one of Illinois's oldest, began construction in 1839.
The town compliments its rich history with beautiful outdoor scenery. It is surrounded by the Shawnee National Forest, which invites outdoor enthusiasts for remarkable adventures. The vast wilderness is perfect for hiking, camping, and nature exploration.
Barrington
This northwest Chicago suburb, less than an hour from Naperville, was historically inhabited by the Potawatomi tribe. Today, Barrington blends the old and new, offering a variety of enjoyable experiences for visitors. Its Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, features a collection of historic buildings reflecting Victorian, Folk, and early American architectural styles. The iconic Catlow Theater on Main Street has been entertaining audiences since 1927, showing both modern and classic films. Additionally, Barrington provides a contemporary vibe with lively shopping and dining options at Ice House Mall & Village Shop.
Outdoors, Baker's Lake Nature Preserve's quiet atmosphere invites lazy strolls and easygoing birdwatching sessions for nature lovers. Straddling over 300 acres, this wildlife sanctuary hosts several bird species, including herons.
Cairo
Located at the southern corner of the state, Cairo boasts a vibrant community with a rich railway history. Walking through the Cairo Historic Park District offers a dreamlike glimpse into the past, showcasing a blend of rustic buildings and historic residences. Key attractions include Magnolia Manor, a stunning mansion from 1869 furnished with Victorian-era decor that reflects Cairo's period style. The city's civil heritage is vividly brought to life at Fort Defiance State Park, where visitors explore intriguing war history amid scenic walking trails and natural beauty.
Outdoor lovers must head to the Mississippi-Ohio River Confluence for breathtaking views of the two waterways. Climbing the Cairo I-57 Bridge places them at the perfect position to take in the panoramic river vistas.
Carthage
Carthage is known as the place where an angry mob killed Prophet Joseph Smith and his brother. Visitors can explore the original site at Carthage Jail, which honors their memory and highlights local history with archives, artifacts, and a short film. The Kibbe Hancock Heritage Museum offers additional fascinating insights into Carthage's diverse history. It features many exhibits, such as Civil War and Native American artifacts.
However, the Hancock County Historical Society is an excellent stop for a broader view of regional history. Beyond the history, Carthage has a relaxed rural atmosphere, best embodied by the Carthage Park District. After uncovering enough of the town's past, this is the ideal spot to chill out and revel in a serene atmosphere.
Galesburg
Galesburg's rich history dates back to 1837. The town played a significant role in the anti-slavery movement and was a key stop on the Underground Railroad. Visitors can explore its heritage by touring various sites, such as the Galesburg Railroad Museum, which displays railway artifacts that highlight the industry's impact on the town's growth. Additionally, antique stores like the Galesburg Antiques Mall offer opportunities for souvenir collectors to find unique primitive items.
Those visiting with kids will have an excellent time at the Discovery Depot Children's Museum, home to interactive exhibits and fun hands-on activities. Finally, experience the beauty of local arts by touring the quaint Galesburg Community Arts Center, which stages visual art exhibitions and live performances.
Nauvoo
If you're passionate about immersive historical experiences, Nauvoo ranks among Illinois's top towns to explore. Celebrated for its rich Mormon Church history, it was established in 1839 as the headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Nauvoo boasts one of the region's premier historic districts, filled with many landmarks and sites. The Nauvoo Illinois Temple stands out in the town's skyline, captivating visitors with its classic architectural style. A must-see is the Joseph Smith Historic Site, which preserves the home of the church's founder.
Meanwhile, the Heber and Vilate Kimball Home offers a peek into civilian life during Nauvoo's formative years. The modest abode exhibits an impressive collection of furnishings and artifacts from the Victorian era.
The Takeaway
Traveling along Illinois' heritage highways to its earliest small towns offers a unique glimpse into the state's early history and culture. Each town reveals its own piece of living history through charming streets and local museums. Experiencing the small-town atmosphere and stories of residents helps animate the pioneering spirit that laid the groundwork for the Prairie State. Visiting any of these Illinois small towns promises a memorable journey into the past worth exploring.
