TIMELINE

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100's - 1000's

• (100 - 400) Migrations to Finland from southern Baltic
• (400 - 800) Iron Age culture developed; Finland strengthened ties with regional powers
• (800 - 1050) Swedish Vikings established trade ties with Russia via Finland

1000's - 1600's

• (1150's) Swedish led crusades to southwestern Finland; converted Finns to Christianity
• (1155 - 1809) Finland incorporated into Kingdom of Sweden
• (1238 -1249) Second crusade to Tavasita by Swedes
• (1293) Third Crusade by Swedes to eastern Finland; established dividing line between Catholic West and Orthodox East
• (1323) Peace treaty of Pahkinasaari signed
• (1362) Finns granted right to send representatives to vote in Sweden's election
• (1523) Gustavus Vasa (King of Sweden) established Lutheran Church in Sweden and Finland
• (1550) Helsinki founded
• (1596 - 1597) "Mallet War" took place, farmers revolted against nobels
• (1617) Peace of Stolbova enacted; Sweden became ruler of Baltic Sea, controlled entire Gulf of Finland
• (1696 - 1697) Devastating famine killed one-third of population

1700's - 1800's

• (1713 - 1721) Russia invaded Finland; maintained reign of terror
• (1721) In Treaty of Uusikaupunki, Sweden gave southeastern Finland, Livonia, Estonia and Ingria to Russia
• (1743) In Treaty of Abo, Sweden ceded southeast Finland to Russia
• (1808 - 1809) "Finnish War" fought between Sweden and Russia
• (1809) Sweden ceded Finland to Russia; Finland became Grand Duchy of Russia; State Council of Finns appointed; Finland enjoys limited autonomy
• (1812) Helsinki named capital of Finland
• (1860) Finland acquired its own currency, the markka(Finnish mark)
• (1864) Finnish peasants allowed to buy land
• (1879 - 1880) Finnish explorer, A.E. Nordenskiold, took first ship through Arctic via Northeast Passage
• (1881 - 1894) Earlier rights in Finland encroached upon by Tsar Alexander III; rural poverty led to large-scale emigration to U. S.
• (1894 - 1917) Finland lost much autonomy; russification of Finland policy initiated; censorship and conscription introduced; civil disobedience began

1900's

• (1906) Finland acquired national parliament
• (1907) Finland became first European country to give women right to vote
• (1917) Finland declared independence from Russia; Finnish Republic demanded withdrawal of Russian troops; Russia declared Finland to be independent
• (1918) Civil War in Finland occurred between "Whites"(Finland forces) and "Reds" (Russian troops); Whites victorious
• (1919) Finland became republic; K. J. Stahlberg became first president
• (1920) Peace of Tartu officially declared Finland's independence; Finland became member of League of Nations
• (1930) Laupa (Fascist) movement resulted in great peasants' march to Helsinki
• (1930 - 1955) Finland enacted forced sterilization program
• (1932) Finland and Soviet Union signed non-aggression treaty
• (1939) World War II began; Finland declared neutrality; Soviet Union invaded, Winter War began

Timeline continued...