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Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956.
Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in economic, political and social domination between the Northern Sudanese and the non-Muslim (Christian), non-Arab southern Sudanese.
The first civil war ended in 1972, but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than 4 million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than 2 million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords; a final Naivasha peace treaty of January 2005 granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years, after which a referendum for independence is scheduled to be held.
In 2007, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement withdrew from the government due to the slow implementation of the 2005 peace agreement.
Since the signing of the Peace Agreement in 2005, several struggles have taken place between the Janjaweed militia and rebel groups. Death tolls have been estimated between 200,000 and 400,000 with over 2.5 million people being displaced.
In May of 2006, the Sudanese Government and the largest rebel group, the Sudanese Liberation movement came to an agreement. It specified the disarmament of the Janjawid and disbandment of rebel forces. The agreement was only signed by one group. Widespread violence has continued and fighting along the Chad border has left hundreds of soldiers and rebel forces dead and has cut air to approximately a quarter of a million refugees.
In July 2008, ten criminal charges were leveled against President Omar al-Bashir. He was accused of sponsoring war crimes and crimes against humanity. Despite the charges against him, al-Bashir is a candidate in the upcoming 2010 Sudanese presidential election.
Sudan is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Oil is currently the main export and production is increasing. Agriculture production is the most important sector for the economy, employing 80% of the workforce.
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- Official Name Republic of Sudan
- Population 41,347,723
- Capital City Khartoum (pop. 2,207,794)
- Currency Sudanese Dinar
- Currency Converter
- Languages Arabic (official), local dialects
- National Day 1 January, Independence Day
- Religions Muslim, Christian, locals beliefs
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- Land Area 2,376,000 sq km (917,374
sq miles)
- Highest Point Kinyeti (10,450 ft.) (3,187 m)
- Land Divisions 26 states including: A'ali an Nil, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrat, Al Jazirah, Al Khartum, Al Qadarif, Al Wahdah, An Nil al Abyad, An Nil al Azraq, Ash Shamaliyah, Bahr al Jabal, Gharb al Istiwa'iyah, Gharb Bahr al Ghazal, Gharb Darfur, Gharb Kurdufan, Janub Darfur, Janub Kurdufan, Junqali, Kassala, Nahr an Nil, Shamal Bahr al Ghazal, Shamal Darfur, Shamal Kurdufan, Sharq al Istiwa'iyah, Sinnar and Warab.
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- Latitude/Longitude 15°
65' N, 32° 48' E
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Travel Recommendations Before finalizing and/or making your travel plans to any worldwide destination, we strongly recommend you authenticate and research all of the important details regarding applicable health, passport and visa requirements.
If you require additional assistance, the experienced professionals at Travel Visa Pro can answer all of your questions!
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Sudan has tropical weather
conditions (warm and humid) in the south, while in the deserts of
the north, conditions are hot and dry for most of the year. The rainy season
is April - November.
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Desert trek, Sudan...
A very crowded bus, Sudan...
Meroe pyramids, Sudan...
A rural family, Sudan... |
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