Sudan

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NOTE: On Saturday, July 9, 2011, southern Sudan became the independent country of South Sudan. This is the culmination of a six-year process that ended a long, brutal civil war that caused the deaths of millions. This is a current event, and available details will no doubt change over the coming weeks and months, and during that time as specific info on land statistics, landforms and other data becomes available, we will produce separate maps and info pages for the planet's newest country. Congratulations to South Sudan! As for Sudan itself... Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in economic, political and social domination between the Northern Sudanese and the non-Muslim (Christian), non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972, but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than 4 million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than 2 million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords; a final Naivasha peace treaty of January 2005 granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years, after which a referendum for independence is scheduled to be held. In 2007, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement withdrew from the government due to the slow implementation of the 2005 peace agreement. Since the signing of the Peace Agreement in 2005, several struggles have taken place between the Janjaweed militia and rebel groups. Death tolls have been estimated between 200,000 and 400,000 with over 2.5 million people being displaced. In May of 2006, the Sudanese Government and the largest rebel group, the Sudanese Liberation movement came to an agreement. It specified the disarmament of the Janjawid and disbandment of rebel forces. The agreement was only signed by one group. Widespread violence has continued and fighting along the Chad border has left hundreds of soldiers and rebel forces dead and has cut air to approximately a quarter of a million refugees. In July 2008, ten criminal charges were leveled against President Omar al-Bashir. He was accused of sponsoring war crimes and crimes against humanity. Despite the charges against him, al-Bashir is a candidate in the upcoming 2010 Sudanese presidential election. Sudan is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Oil is currently the main export and production is increasing. Agriculture production is the most important sector for the economy, employing 80% of the workforce.


Official Name Republic of Sudan Population 41,347,723 Capital City Khartoum (pop. 2,207,794) Currency Sudanese Dinar Currency Converter Languages Arabic (official), local dialects National Day 1 January, Independence Day Religions Muslim, Christian, locals beliefs


Sudan Flag Flags of all countries


Land Area 2,376,000 sq km (917,374 sq miles) Highest Point Kinyeti (10,450 ft.) (3,187 m) Land Divisions 26 states including: A'ali an Nil, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrat, Al Jazirah, Al Khartum, Al Qadarif, Al Wahdah, An Nil al Abyad, An Nil al Azraq, Ash Shamaliyah, Bahr al Jabal, Gharb al Istiwa'iyah, Gharb Bahr al Ghazal, Gharb Darfur, Gharb Kurdufan, Janub Darfur, Janub Kurdufan, Junqali, Kassala, Nahr an Nil, Shamal Bahr al Ghazal, Shamal Darfur, Shamal Kurdufan, Sharq al Istiwa'iyah, Sinnar and Warab.


Fronted by reefs, the low-lying coastal areas of South Africa's land rises (with a few exceptions) into a mostly level plateau, one criss-crossed by hills, mountains and shallow valleys in the east and northeast. The Drakensberg (or Dragon Mountains) are the highest mountain range in Southern Africa, rising to over 11,000 ft) in height. Arguably, South Africa's most famous landform is Table Mountain, a flat-topped peak forming a prominent landmark overlooking the city of Cape Town. (see photos on this page) South Africa's Kalahari Desert is part of a huge sand basin that reaches from the Orange River up to Angola, in the west to Namibia and east to Zimbabwe. The Orange River, South Africa's major river, rises in the Drakensberg Mountains in Lesotho, where it is known as the Senqu. It twists and turns westward for some 2,200km (1,367 mi) to the Atlantic Ocean.


Latitude/Longitude 15° 65' N, 32° 48' E

SUDAN

AFRICA

Loango National Park.

Lope National Park

Cristal Mountain National Park

Sudan Travel Info and Warnings
Sahara Desert Photos

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Sudan has tropical weather conditions (warm and humid) in the south, while in the deserts of the north, conditions are hot and dry for most of the year. The rainy season is April - November.


Desert trek, Sudan... A very crowded bus, Sudan... Hout Bay, South Africa... Table Mountain, Cape Town... Meroe pyramids, Sudan... A rural family, Sudan...