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The Arab League was established in 1945 with a goal of trying to strengthen ties among member states, coordinate their policies and direct them towards the common good.

Today it has 22 members: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

Egypt's membership was suspended in 1979 after it signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty, and the League's headquarters were moved from Cairo to Tunis. In 1987, Arab League states restored diplomatic relations with Egypt, and the country was readmitted to the League in 1989, and the League's headquarters were moved back to Cairo.

Israel is not a member despite 20% of its population being Palestinian Arab, nearly half the Jewish population being descended from Jews from Arab countries, and Arabic being an official language.

Chad is also not a member, despite Arabic being one of its two official languages, some 12% of Chadians identifying as Arab and around 900'000 Arabic-speaking.

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is not a member of the Arab League as it is recognized by only some Arab League states, while Western Sahara is recognized by the League as part of Morocco, which controls nearly 80% of the territory.

Iran is not considered part of the Arab world, as the majority of its population are Persian, with only 2% Arab.

Four countries are observer states—a status that entitles them to express their opinion and give advice but denies them voting rights. These are Eritrea, where Arabic is one of the official languages, as well as Brazil and Venezuela, which have large and influential Arab communities. India is another observer to the Arab League.

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