5 Prominent Dormant Volcanoes

The Arenal volcano, Costa Rica. Image credit: Esdelval/Shutterstock

Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Fuji, Mount Rainier, Mauna Kea, and the Three Sisters are all volcanoes that are dormant and could erupt again.
Mount Rainier is considered to be one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the US, even though it has not erupted for over 500 years.
Volcanoes can lie sleeping for thousands of years, and experts study ground movements among other things to try and predict when an eruption will take place again.

Volcanoes can wreak destruction in just minutes. Some, however, lie dormant for years before blowing their top once again.

Volcanoes are formed when two tectonic plates either collide or move apart. Hot magma from the Earth’s mantle rises to the surface and builds a volcano.

Sometimes, a volcano is very active. Mount Etna in Sicily is the world’s most active volcano, with the last major eruptions happening in 1986 and 1999. None have been quite so large as that which happened way back in 1669 however, killing over 20,000 people.

When a volcano is dormant (the French word for “sleeping”), this means that it has not erupted in some time, but that it is due to blow again. (In contrast, volcanoes that are considered extinct have not erupted in at least 10,000 years, and are not expected to do so again for another 10,000 years or so).

Which volcanoes on Earth are not yet done expressing themselves? Here are five that are sleeping, but could erupt again in your lifetime, so watch out.

1. Mount Kilimanjaro

Three giraffe with Mount Kilimanjaro in the background at the National park of Kenya, Africa. Image credit: Volodymyr Burdiak/Shutterstock

This famous volcanic massif is located in northeastern Tanzania, close to the Kenyan border. Interestingly, while it looks like one large mountain, Kilimanjaro is actually composed of three separate volcanic cones. Two of them—Mawensi and Shira—are extinct. Kibo, the third, is thought to be dormant. Kibo is actually the highest point in Africa rising to 19,340 feet (5,895 metres), and it is the youngest of the three cones.

Kibo is the only cone that has a permanent ice cap on it, meaning it stays there throughout the year and never fully melts.

Kibo’s last major eruption was 360,000 years ago. In this way, it could be due for a major explosion. Kibo did show some volcanic activity as recent as 200 years ago, which sounds like a while ago but in a volcano’s lifetime, it might as well be yesterday.

2. Mount Fuji

Mountain Fuji and Chureito red pagoda with cherry blossoms. Image credit: Sakarin Sawasdinaka/Shutterstock

Japan is known for its earthquakes. This is the highest mountain in Japan, rising to 12,388 feet (3,776 metres). It is located near the coast in Yamanashi and Shizuoka prefectures, just 60 miles (100 km) from the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area. Mount Fuji last erupted in 1707, and scientists still consider it to be active. If it does blow its top, it could force more than 750,000 people from their homes as it is so close to the city. Mount Fuji is part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park, which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013.

3. Mount Rainier

Wildflowers at Mount Rainier. Image credit: Diane Fetzner/Shutterstock

This beautiful mountain is part of the Cascade Mountain Range and located in Washington State, and it usually forms a picturesque background to Seattle on clear days. Its snow-capped peak is so picture-perfect it fills postcards throughout the state, placemats, and more. What many do not think of often, however, is the fact that this is actually a dormant volcano that could erupt at any time. Mount Rainier last blew its top over 500 years ago, but it is considered to be the most dangerous volcano in the Cascade Range. This is due to a bunch of factors including the frequent earthquakes in the area, its active hydrothermal system, the volcano’s height, and its large glacier mantle.

4. Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Image credit: Mason Lake Photo/Shutterstock

Hawaii is no stranger to volcanoes, and Mauna Kea is one of them. This is the tallest volcano on the island of Hawaii, which is made up of five volcanoes in total. Mauna Kea has not erupted for about 4,500 years, but volcanologists believe it has the potential to wake up again. Some 6,000 to 4,000 years ago, this volcano erupted about seven times, and based on its history, scientists think it has a recurrence interval of about 1,000 years. This makes it sound like Mauna Kea is well overdue to erupt, but experts say this simply indicates it is likely that eruptions will take place sporadically as time goes on.

5. Three Sisters

View of Three Sisters Mountain. Image credit: Martin Capek/Shutterstock

Found in Lane County, as part of the Cascade Mountain Range in Oregon, the Three Sisters volcano last erupted about 2,000 years ago. These are actually three aligned stratovolcanoes consisting of the North Sister, Middle Sister, and South Sister. The peaks were not built at the same time, and are made of different kinds of rock. They caught the attention of the general public and volcanologists when it was discovered that part of this cluster was lifting upwards in the late 1990s. Field studies done by the US Geological Survey showed uplift taking place and gradually swelling from late 1997 to December of 2005, with the swelling slowing from that point.

Are the Three Sisters going to lose their patience and erupt? We will have to wait and see.

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